Assesment of Calf Care, Feeding, and Health Management Practices in Dairy Cattle Farms in Niğde Province

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine calf care practices on dairy farms located in the central district of Niğde province and the Bor district. Within the scope of the research, a total of 53 farms were examined. Majority of the farms (approximately 85%) were family-owned enterprises, and the predominant proportion of producers (65%) were fell within the 40–60 age bracket. Generally, the education level of producers was limited to primary and secondary education. Only 20% of the producers had received vocational training related to dairy cattle farming. About 90% of the farms considered dairy production as their main source of income. An examination of dry period management and vaccination practices revealed that standard vaccinations administered during the late gestation period of cows occurred at a rate of 85%. The rate was found to be 84% on small-scale farms and 88% on medium-scale farms. Colostrum feeding rates for calves were relatively high; 85.5% of farms provided colostrum immediately after birth, and it was administered twice daily during the first three days. Calf starter feed was introduced on average on the third day, while water supply was initiated at an early stage in 85.5% of the farms. In calf care practices, the distribution of tasks among family members was balanced; both men and women participated actively in care, while the involvement of children and hired workers was limited. However, inadequate early-stage care and feeding in small-scale farms resulted in elevated calf mortality rates. The study found that calf mortality was determined as 16.1% in small-scale farms and 12.5% in medium scale farms. In general, although dairy cattle farms in Central and Bor districts of Niğde have adequate livestock capacity and sustainable potential, lack of education and non-standard care practices have a detrimental effect on productivity. Therefore, implementation of training programs for producers, standardization of calf care and feeding practices, and ensuring regular implementation of vaccination programs are recommended. These measures will have a substantial impact on enhancing herd productivity and ensuring the sustainability of farms.