Comparative Limnological Characterization and Environmental Risk Assessment of Two Strategic Wetland Ecosystems in the Marmara Basin

Abstract

The protected wetlands situated within the Marmara Basin represent indispensable ecosystems for regional biodiversity and critical migratory corridors. Despite their high conservation status, these shallow lake systems are increasingly vulnerable to surrounding industrial, agricultural, and domestic stressors. This research focuses on a comparative limnological evaluation of Manyas and Uluabat Lakes to quantify the extent of anthropogenic degradation. During a systematic monitoring campaign in the winter of 2025, water samples were analyzed for a comprehensive suite of parameters, including physicochemical variables (pH, EC, TDS, salinity, turbidity, SS) and organic/inorganic indicators (DO, O₂ saturation, NO₂-N, PO₄-P, and COD). The analytical results revealed distinct hydrochemical signatures for each system; Uluabat Lake was characterized by a more alkaline nature and superior dissolved oxygen levels, whereas Manyas Lake exhibited a profound organic pollution burden. These findings suggest that Manyas Lake is subject to more intensive allochthonous organic inputs and physical disturbances. This study underscores the necessity of implementing site-specific restoration protocols and integrated basin management to safeguard the ecological functionality of these vital aquatic habitats against escalating environmental pressures.